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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

Anesthesia in children with a cold.

Karin Becke1

  • 1Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Cnopf Children's Hospital, Hospital Hallerwiese, St. Johannis-Muehlgasse, Nuernberg, Germany. Karin.Becke@diakonieneuendettelsau.de

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|April 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anesthesia in children with common colds can be safe if managed carefully. Postpone anesthesia for children with severe symptoms like fever or wheezing for at least two weeks.

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CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults
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CO2-Lasertonsillotomy Under Local Anesthesia in Adults

Published on: November 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Anesthesiology
  • Respiratory Tract Infections
  • Perioperative Medicine

Background:

  • Common colds are frequent viral infections in children.
  • Respiratory tract infections increase anesthetic risk due to perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs).
  • While PRAE morbidity/mortality is low with experienced anesthesiologists, careful assessment is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on upper respiratory tract infections in children undergoing anesthesia.
  • To outline pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors for PRAE, and anesthetic management strategies.
  • To provide a decision algorithm for anesthetic care in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on pediatric respiratory infections and anesthesia.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors for PRAE.
  • Synthesis of current anesthetic management, prevention, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Anesthesia can be safe in children with colds under specific conditions.
  • Anesthesia should be postponed for at least 2 weeks in children with symptomatic infections (wheezing, fever, etc.).
  • Specific anesthetic techniques (e.g., mask anesthesia, propofol induction) and avoidance of certain agents (desflurane) are recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Careful preoperative assessment and perioperative management are essential for safe anesthesia in children with colds.
  • Postponement of anesthesia is crucial for symptomatic infections.
  • Experienced anesthesiologists are key to preventing and managing complications.