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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred irrespective...
Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning
08:31

Rapid Assembly of Multi-Gene Constructs using Modular Golden Gate Cloning

Published on: February 5, 2021

Integrating genomes.

D R Zerbino1, B Paten, D Haussler

  • 1Center for Biomolecular Sciences and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational genomics integrates diverse data for deeper biological insights. This computational approach, using advanced models and computer science, offers a new understanding of life across numerous organisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Genomic sequencing projects increasingly integrate genetic, molecular, and phenotypic data.
  • A specialized subdiscipline, computational genomics, has emerged to address this complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the emergence and scope of computational genomics.
  • To highlight the interdisciplinary nature of computational genomics.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of models from population genetics, phylogenetics, and human disease genetics.
  • Application of principles from graph theory, statistics, signal processing, and computer science.
  • Utilizing computational power for large-scale genomic data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Development of a rich quantitative foundation for genomics.
  • Enabling analysis of a vast and increasing sample of organisms.
  • Facilitating impact across diverse scientific fields.

Conclusions:

  • Computational genomics is essential for modern, large-scale genomic research.
  • This field provides novel insights into the history and diversity of life.