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Related Concept Videos

Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations01:23

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Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...

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Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
05:10

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

Tools to reduce polypharmacy.

Murthy Gokula1, Holly M Holmes

  • 1Geriatric Medicine Fellowship Program, St. Luke's Hospital/University of Toledo, OH 43537, USA. murthy.gokula@utoledo.edu

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|April 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reducing polypharmacy and avoiding inappropriate medications in older adults is crucial. Various tools exist to aid clinicians, but their applicability and validation vary, requiring individualized patient care and clinical judgment.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Polypharmacy and inappropriate medication use are significant concerns in older adults.
  • Multidisciplinary teams and medication reviews are standard but may not fully address prescribing optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and present tools for clinicians to reduce high-risk/low-benefit medications.
  • To highlight the importance of individualized prescribing in older patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of various criteria, tools, algorithms, and scoring systems for medication review.
  • Discussion of the applicability and validation levels of presented tools.

Main Results:

  • Numerous tools are available for medication review across different settings.
  • Evidence supporting the use of these tools varies, and not all are universally applicable.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing prescribing requires careful consideration of tool validation, regulatory issues, and patient-specific factors.
  • Clinicians must exercise significant clinical judgment when applying these tools for personalized medication management.