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Related Concept Videos

RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Protein Folding01:22

Protein Folding

Overview
Protein Folding01:22

Protein Folding

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

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Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen
11:32

Mapping RNA-RNA Interactions Globally Using Biotinylated Psoralen

Published on: May 24, 2017

Cooperative tertiary interaction network guides RNA folding.

Reza Behrouzi1, Joon Ho Roh, Duncan Kilburn

  • 1T.C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.

Cell
|April 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Noncoding RNAs achieve unique 3D structures through cooperative interactions, not just individual tertiary contacts. This cooperativity guides RNA folding, suppressing incorrect structures for a stable, native state.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Noncoding RNAs fold into complex 3D structures essential for their regulatory functions.
  • Understanding the folding mechanisms of RNAs, particularly the role of tertiary interactions, is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how noncoding RNAs achieve unique 3D structures with limited tertiary interaction motifs.
  • To elucidate the role of cooperativity in RNA folding and the formation of native states.

Main Methods:

  • Site-directed mutagenesis of tertiary interactions in a group I ribozyme.
  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to probe structural perturbations.
  • Enzyme activity assays, hydroxyl radical footprinting, and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to assess folding and stability.

Main Results:

  • Most tertiary interactions had minimal impact on the native state's stability.
  • Cooperative linkage between core and peripheral structural motifs was observed in folding intermediates.
  • This cooperativity was dependent on native helix orientation and suppressed nonnative structures.

Conclusions:

  • RNA folding is guided by an emergent cooperative interaction network, not solely by individual tertiary interactions.
  • Cooperativity likely evolved to ensure the formation of a unique and stable native fold in noncoding RNAs.