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Pediatric urinary stone composition in the United States
J Scott Gabrielsen1, Robert J Laciak, Elizabeth L Frank
1Division of Urology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113, USA.
The Journal of Urology
|April 17, 2012
Summary
Pediatric urolithiasis (urinary stones) composition varies significantly with age and gender in the U.S. Calcium oxalate stones increase with age, while geographic location showed no significant impact on stone type.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
- Chemical Analysis
Background:
- Urolithiasis incidence in children is rising.
- Limited data exists on pediatric urinary stone composition.
- Understanding stone composition is crucial for effective treatment and prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of age, gender, and geographical location on urinary stone composition in U.S. children.
- To analyze trends in pediatric kidney stone types.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 5,245 urinary stones from a reference laboratory (2000-2009).
- Exclusion of patients <1 or >18 years old.
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for composition determination.
- Logistic regression to assess associations with demographics.
Main Results:
- Calcium was present in 89.2% of stones.
- Calcium oxalate stones increased with age; magnesium ammonium phosphate and ammonium acid urate stones decreased.
- Calcium oxalate and magnesium ammonium phosphate stones were more prevalent in females; uric acid stones in males.
- Significant age and gender-specific differences in stone composition were observed.
Conclusions:
- This is the largest U.S. pediatric urinary stone composition study to date.
- Age and gender are significant factors influencing pediatric stone composition.
- Geographical region did not show a significant association with stone composition.
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