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04:23
Application of Hemostatic Devices in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy
Published on: April 19, 2022
Epistaxis and hemostatic devices
Levon Nikoyan1, Stanley Matthews
1Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Woodhull Medical and Mental Health Center, Brooklyn, NY 11206, USA. Levon@nyu.edu
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America
|April 17, 2012
Summary
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, are common but rarely need surgery. Understanding nasal anatomy is key for managing difficult nosebleeds with current and advanced treatments.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Anatomy
- Medical Devices
Background:
- Epistaxis is a frequent medical issue, often resolving spontaneously.
- Severe or persistent epistaxis can pose significant management challenges.
- Effective control of epistaxis relies on a thorough understanding of nasopharyngeal anatomy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the essential anatomy of the nasopharynx relevant to epistaxis management.
- To discuss the epidemiology of epistaxis.
- To provide an overview of current and emerging treatments and devices for epistaxis control.
Main Methods:
- Review of nasopharyngeal anatomy.
- Epidemiological data summary.
- Literature review of epistaxis treatments, devices, and procedures.
Main Results:
- Nasopharyngeal anatomy knowledge is crucial for epistaxis management.
- Various medical and surgical interventions exist for epistaxis control.
- Newer devices and techniques are continually being developed.
Conclusions:
- Effective epistaxis management requires anatomical knowledge and appropriate treatment selection.
- A range of interventions are available, from basic to advanced.
- Ongoing innovation in devices and procedures improves epistaxis control.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Epistaxis
Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
01:24Disorders of Hemostasis
Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
01:05Introduction to Hemostasis
Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized, and...
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized, and...
01:20Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis
Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...
01:30Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
01:22Formation of the Platelet Plug
The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...