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DNA Microarrays

DNA Microarrays

Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...

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Updated: May 23, 2026

Gene Expression Profiling of Infecting Microbes Using a Digital Bar-coding Platform

Gene Expression Profiling of Infecting Microbes Using a Digital Bar-coding Platform

Published on: January 13, 2016

DNA millichips as a low-cost platform for gene expression analysis.

Kurt W Heinrich¹, Jamison Wolfer, DongGee Hong

¹Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.

Plant Physiology

|April 17, 2012

Summary

Researchers developed low-cost DNA millichips for easy, inexpensive gene expression analysis. This novel oligonucleotide microarray technology simplifies transcriptome analysis in standard lab settings, offering a cost-effective alternative to expensive equipment.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Gene Expression Profiling of Infecting Microbes Using a Digital Bar-coding Platform

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Published on: January 13, 2016

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Published on: April 14, 2015

High Throughput MicroRNA Profiling: Optimized Multiplex qRT-PCR at Nanoliter Scale on the Fluidigm Dynamic ArrayTM IFCs

High Throughput MicroRNA Profiling: Optimized Multiplex qRT-PCR at Nanoliter Scale on the Fluidigm Dynamic ArrayTM IFCs

Published on: August 3, 2011

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genomics
Biotechnology

Background:

Traditional DNA microarrays can be expensive and require specialized equipment.
There is a need for accessible and affordable tools for gene expression analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a low-cost, user-friendly DNA chip technology.
To create an oligonucleotide microarray comparable in ease and cost to agarose gel electrophoresis.

Main Methods:

Utilized maskless array synthesizer for in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides on a microscope slide.
Developed 1x1 mm millichips for hybridization in microfuge tubes.
Employed standard microscopy for fluorescence intensity measurement.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized and utilized thousands of photolithographically produced oligonucleotides.
Demonstrated reliable transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana under various abiotic stresses.
Achieved high correlation with quantitative reverse transcription PCR and high technical reproducibility.

Conclusions:

Low-cost DNA millichips are feasible and reliable for benchtop use.
This technology democratizes gene expression analysis, making it accessible without specialized facilities.
Offers a convenient and inexpensive alternative for biological research.