Optimising expanded donor organs through dual kidney transplantation: a case-control study

In order to take full advantage of ECD kidneys, which may not provide sufficient renal mass if used individually, it has been suggested that such organs be used in dual or bilateral kidney transplantation (DTx).

We analysed the experience in a single hospital between May 2007 and March 2011 in a case-control study. Criteria for determining whether to perform single or dual Tx were defined in a protocol in which the biopsy score was important, but not the only factor. Donor's age, medical history, kidney size and creatinine clearance were also considered. During this time period, 80 kidneys from donors over age 65 were transplanted. Single transplants (STx) accounted for 40 of the organs, and another 40 were used in DTx.

Mean donor age for STx was 68.7 ± 3.0 years; for DTx, it was 74.2 ± 4.3 years (P<.001), with more female donors for DTx (75%) than for STx (40%) (P<.001). There were no differences between groups with regard to glomerular filtration rate or proteinuria. Kidneys assigned to DTx received higher biopsy scores than those assigned to STx (2.95 ± 1.01 vs 1.8 ± 1.04; P<.001). DTx recipients were older than STx recipients. There were no differences between the groups regarding cold ischaemia time, delayed graft function, haemorrhagic complications or re-surgeries. However, DTx recipients achieved better creatinine clearance at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, although the difference was only statistically significant at 6 months (53.4 ± 19.5ml/min vs 44.5 ± 15.6ml/min; P<.05). Renal artery thrombosis appeared in 2 STx patients and in both kidneys of 1 DTx patient. Another 2 patients in the DTx group each lost 1 kidney due to thrombosis and ureteral necrosis respectively, but were able to remain dialysis-free. Graft survival at 3 years was 90% for both groups. During the study period 3 patients died (2 in the STx group and 1 in the DTx group).

Our preliminary experience indicates that DTx provides good results in terms of survival and renal function data, despite surgery being more complicated and the organs having characteristics that probably make them unsuitable for STx. The decision to perform DTx makes using ECD kidneys easier, and it should be based on a combination of pre-transplant histological criteria and the donor's clinical characteristics.