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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is also...

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Related Experiment Video

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Increased response-time variability across different cognitive tasks in children with ADHD.

Nicoletta Adamo1, Adriana Di Martino2, Lidia Esu3

  • 1Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, NY, USA.

Journal of Attention Disorders
|April 18, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit significantly increased response-time fluctuations across tasks, supporting neurophysiological links to ADHD. This finding was consistent across different methods and tasks.

Keywords:
ADHDchildhood psychiatric symptomscognitive controlneurobiology

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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Response-time (RT) fluctuations, particularly below 0.2 Hz, have been inconsistently linked to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • Methodological variations across studies may explain discrepancies in findings regarding slow RT fluctuations in ADHD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate RT fluctuations in children with ADHD using two distinct tasks and analytical approaches.
  • To determine if slow RT fluctuations are a reliable neurophysiological marker for ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-two children diagnosed with ADHD and 49 typically developing children participated.
  • Participants completed the Eriksen Flanker Task and a sustained attention to response task (SART).
  • Response-time fluctuations were analyzed using two different frequency analyses.

Main Results:

  • Significantly increased slow RT fluctuations were observed in children with ADHD across both tasks.
  • RT fluctuations were correlated between tasks for frequencies above 0.07 Hz in both groups.
  • The most pronounced RT fluctuations occurred in children with ADHD who also had elevated omission errors.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides robust evidence for increased RT fluctuations in children with ADHD.
  • Findings across two tasks and methods support the hypothesis that slow frequency RT fluctuations are associated with neurophysiological processes in ADHD.
  • This suggests RT variability may serve as a potential biomarker for ADHD.