Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...

The Oral Microbiota

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

Methods of Classification and Identification

Methods of Classification and Identification

Bacterial identification relies on a diverse array of techniques to classify and understand microorganisms, each tailored to uncover specific characteristics. Traditional morphological approaches, while still valuable, are limited for closely related or structurally simple organisms. Modern methods integrate biochemical, serological, genetic, and advanced molecular tools to achieve greater accuracy.Morphological and Biochemical TechniquesMorphological characteristics, such as cell shape and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Description of a Mass Poisoning in a Rural District in Mozambique: The First Documented Bongkrekic Acid Poisoning in Africa.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2017

Same author

Identification of Microorganisms Isolated From Counterfeit and Unapproved Decorative Contact Lenses.

Journal of forensic sciences·2017

Same author

Volumetric-modulated arc therapy using multicriteria optimization for body and extremity sarcoma.

Journal of applied clinical medical physics·2016

Same author

Identification of the potent toxin bongkrekic acid in a traditional African beverage linked to a fatal outbreak.

Forensic science international·2016

Same author

Pathway-Informed Classification System (PICS) for Cancer Analysis Using Gene Expression Data.

Cancer informatics·2016

Same author

Within the next five years, most radiotherapy treatment schedules will be designed using spatiotemporal optimization.

Medical physics·2016

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

In Situ Detection of Bacteria within Paraffin-embedded Tissues Using a Digoxin-labeled DNA Probe Targeting 16S rRNA

In Situ Detection of Bacteria within Paraffin-embedded Tissues Using a Digoxin-labeled DNA Probe Targeting 16S rRNA

Published on: May 21, 2015

Characterization of microorganisms isolated from counterfeit toothpaste.

Jennifer L Brzezinski¹, David L Craft

¹United States Food and Drug Administration, Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA. jennifer.brzezinski@fda.hhs.gov

Journal of Forensic Sciences

|April 19, 2012

Summary

Counterfeit Colgate toothpaste found in the US contained high levels of bacteria, including opportunistic pathogens. This contamination poses a significant human health hazard, necessitating regulatory action and consumer awareness.

More Related Videos

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice

Published on: May 1, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

In Situ Detection of Bacteria within Paraffin-embedded Tissues Using a Digoxin-labeled DNA Probe Targeting 16S rRNA

In Situ Detection of Bacteria within Paraffin-embedded Tissues Using a Digoxin-labeled DNA Probe Targeting 16S rRNA

Published on: May 21, 2015

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Porphyromonas gingivalis as a Model Organism for Assessing Interaction of Anaerobic Bacteria with Host Cells

Published on: December 17, 2015

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice

Published on: May 1, 2021

Area of Science:

Food safety
Microbiology
Public health

Background:

Counterfeit Colgate toothpaste was identified in the American market.
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initiated an investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the microbiological quality of counterfeit toothpaste.
To assess the potential health risks associated with these products.

Main Methods:

Collection of approximately 60,000 tubes of toothpaste from retail and distribution channels.
Microbiological testing following the FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual.
Identification of bacterial isolates using conventional microscopic and biochemical methods.

Main Results:

High levels of bacteria, up to 2 × 10(6) colony-forming units per gram, were detected.
Isolated bacteria included Gram-negative rods from genera such as Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Klebsiella.
Most identified bacteria were opportunistic pathogens.

Conclusions:

Counterfeit toothpaste contained significant bacterial contamination.
The presence of opportunistic pathogens indicates a potential human health hazard.
Regulatory oversight and product authenticity verification are crucial for consumer safety.