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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
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Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation

Published on: May 30, 2020

Short double-stranded RNA with immunostimulatory activity: sequence dependence.

Tatyana O Kabilova1, Mariya I Meschaninova, Alya G Venyaminova

  • 1Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
|April 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with specific structures activate the innate immune system, showing potential for antiviral and antitumor therapies. These immunostimulating RNAs (isRNAs) inhibit cancer cell proliferation and boost immune responses, offering new therapeutic avenues.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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08:44

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Published on: May 30, 2020

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Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

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Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Therapeutics

Background:

  • Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) can modulate the mammalian innate immune system.
  • The immunostimulatory properties of double-stranded RNA are applicable in antiviral and antitumor therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify and characterize 19-bp RNA duplexes with 3'-overhangs exhibiting immunostimulating activity (isRNAs).
  • Investigate the sequence-activity relationships governing the immunostimulatory and antiproliferative effects of isRNAs.
  • Evaluate the therapeutic potential of isRNAs in oncological and viral diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and structural analysis of 19-bp RNA duplexes with 3'-overhangs.
  • Assessment of antiproliferative activity against human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells.
  • Analysis of immune cytokine induction (IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-6) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
  • In vivo studies using isRNA/Lipofectamine complexes in C57BL mice.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific 19-bp RNA duplexes (isRNAs) with 3'-overhangs demonstrating potent immunostimulatory activity.
  • Substitutions in the 3' region of isRNAs significantly reduced antiproliferative effects, while middle-sequence modifications had no impact.
  • isRNAs exhibited efficient inhibition of oral cancer cell proliferation (IC50: 10-100 nM) via cell growth arrest.
  • isRNAs strongly stimulated IFN-α synthesis and moderately increased TNF-α and IL-6 production.
  • Intravenous administration of isRNA/Lipofectamine complexes in mice led to significant increases in serum IFN-α and IL-6 levels.

Conclusions:

  • The identified isRNAs possess significant immunostimulatory and antiproliferative properties.
  • The 3' end region of isRNAs is critical for their antiproliferative activity.
  • isRNAs induce cell growth arrest rather than apoptosis.
  • These findings support the consideration of isRNAs as potential therapeutic agents for oncological and viral diseases.