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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...

Drug Delivery: Overview

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland

Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland

Published on: May 3, 2018

Recent developments in buccal and sublingual delivery systems.

Sevda Şenel¹, Michael J Rathbone, Merve Cansız

¹Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara, Turkey. ssenel@hacettepe.edu.tr

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery

|April 20, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in buccal and sublingual drug delivery have led to new products. Future systems may deliver vaccines and antigens, with enhanced uptake technologies expanding therapeutic options.

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

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Modeling and Simulations of Olfactory Drug Delivery with Passive and Active Controls of Nasally Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols

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Published on: May 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics
Drug Delivery Systems
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Significant advancements in buccal mucosa drug delivery over the past five years have led to the market introduction of novel products.
The buccal mucosa offers a promising route for drug administration, bypassing first-pass metabolism and providing rapid absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent developments in buccal and sublingual drug delivery, with a specific emphasis on currently marketed pharmaceutical products.
To explore and report on potential future directions and emerging trends in these drug delivery fields.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review focusing on scientific publications and market analysis of buccal and sublingual drug delivery systems.
Analysis of recent technological innovations and formulation strategies employed in marketed products.
Prospective assessment of future applications and research trajectories.

Main Results:

The review highlights a growing number of successful buccal delivery products available to patients.
Current trends indicate a strong focus on optimizing drug absorption and patient compliance through innovative formulations.
Emerging technologies show potential for expanding the therapeutic utility of these delivery routes.

Conclusions:

Buccal and sublingual delivery systems possess significant future potential, particularly for novel applications like vaccine and antigen delivery.
Commercialization of physical enhancement methods (sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electroporation) is anticipated, broadening the scope of treatable conditions.
Development of delivery systems for photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy represents an emerging area, with general attractiveness for intellectual property generation.