Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Bilateral Vision Impairment with Optic Disc Swelling, Arteriovenous Fistula and Venous Sinus Thrombosis].

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde·2021
Same author

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: Morphological and Functional Outcome after Subthreshold Thermal Laser Coagulation with a Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Continuous-Wave Laser.

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde·2021
Same author

Observational outcomes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients following treatment with ranibizumab, panretinal laser photocoagulation or combination therapy - The non-interventional second year follow-up to the PRIDE study.

Acta ophthalmologica·2021
Same author

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde·2021
Same author

Type of culture medium determines properties of cultivated retinal endothelial cells: induction of substantial phenotypic conversion by standard DMEM.

Heliyon·2021
Same author

OCT Angiographic Findings in Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation.

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde·2020
Same journal

The risk of retinal vascular events in patients using semaglutide: a scoping review.

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde·2026
Same journal

Interpreting relative afferent pupillary defect in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy using interocular visual acuity difference.

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde·2026
Same journal

1 MONTH VS. 3 MONTHS HEAVY SILICONE OIL TAMPONADE IN COMPLEX RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL REDETACHMENT.

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde·2026
Same journal

Visual loss after silicone oil removal - Analysis of a German cohort.

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde·2026
Same journal

Weekend effect on vitrectomy: Insights from a Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea.

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde·2026
Same journal

The Royal College of Ophthalmologists National Ophthalmology Database Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Audit, Report 2: Baseline characteristics, the care pathway and 12-month visual acuity and safety outcomes for 54,882 eyes starting treatment for neovascular AMD.

Ophthalmologica. Journal international d'ophtalmologie. International journal of ophthalmology. Zeitschrift fur Augenheilkunde·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy
07:45

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy

Published on: December 30, 2025

Diabetic macular edema.

Gabriele E Lang1

  • 1University Eye Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany. sekretariat.augenklinik @ uniklinik-ulm.de

Ophthalmologica. Journal International D'Ophtalmologie. International Journal of Ophthalmology. Zeitschrift Fur Augenheilkunde
|April 21, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) causes vision loss due to diabetes. Novel anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies show promise in treating DME by targeting VEGF overexpression and improving visual outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy
07:45

Tear-Derived Exosomal miR-15a as New Diagnostic Tool for Diabetic Retinopathy

Published on: December 30, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetology

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of visual impairment.
  • Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a significant complication of diabetes, affecting central vision.
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in DME pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent prospective, controlled studies on novel anti-VEGF treatments for DME.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal VEGF inhibitors in managing DME.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of prospective, controlled clinical trials.
  • Analysis of studies investigating novel intravitreal VEGF inhibitors for DME treatment.
  • Assessment of efficacy and safety data from clinical studies.

Main Results:

  • VEGF is overexpressed in diabetic eyes, leading to blood-retinal barrier breakdown and macular fluid accumulation.
  • Intravitreal VEGF inhibitors counteract VEGF overexpression, a key mechanism in DME treatment.
  • Recent studies demonstrate promising efficacy and safety profiles for novel anti-VEGF therapies in DME.

Conclusions:

  • Anti-VEGF therapy is a targeted approach for DME by addressing the role of VEGF.
  • Novel intravitreal VEGF inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for DME.
  • Further research and clinical application of these agents are warranted to combat vision loss from DME.