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Related Concept Videos

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

5.8K
The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
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Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:17

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

4.0K
Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process, commutators...
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Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

2.5K
An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
2.5K
Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

2.7K
If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...
2.7K
Faraday's Law01:10

Faraday's Law

5.7K
Faraday's law state that the induced emf is the negative change in the magnetic flux per unit of time. Any change in the magnetic field or change in the orientation of the area of the coil with respect to the magnetic field induces a voltage (emf). The magnetic flux measures the number of magnetic field lines through a given surface area. Magnetic flux is estimated from the integral of the dot product of the magnetic field vector and the area vector. The negative sign describes the...
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Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example01:22

Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

2.1K
In a magnetic field, moving charges encounter a force. If a wire contains these moving charges, i.e., if the wire is carrying a current, then a force acts on the wire as well. Consider a pair of flexible leads holding a wire that is 40 cm long and 10 g in weight in a horizontal position. The wire is placed in a constant magnetic field of 0.40 T, as shown in Figure 1(a). Determine the magnitude and direction of the current flowing in the wire needed to remove the tension in the supporting leads.
2.1K

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Quantifying the Relative Thickness of Conductive Ferromagnetic Materials Using Detector Coil-Based Pulsed Eddy Current Sensors
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Current-induced torques in magnetic materials.

Arne Brataas1, Andrew D Kent, Hideo Ohno

  • 1Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7191 Trondheim, Norway. Arne.Brataas@ntnu.no

Nature Materials
|April 24, 2012
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electric currents can reverse magnetic material orientation by transporting spin angular momentum. This reciprocal effect, where changing magnetization generates spin currents, is key for future information technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Magnetic materials are fundamental to data storage and processing.
  • Electric currents can influence magnetic properties through spin angular momentum transfer.
  • The reciprocal effect, where magnetization changes generate spin currents, is less understood but crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of current-induced torques on magnetization.
  • To explore the reciprocal effect of changing magnetization generating spin currents.
  • To highlight the potential of these phenomena for advanced semiconductor devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical principles governing spin-transfer torque.
  • Analysis of experimental evidence for current-induced magnetic switching.
  • Discussion of materials and structures exhibiting these effects.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration that electric currents generate torques influencing magnetic orientation.
  • Confirmation of the reciprocal effect in various magnetic materials.
  • Identification of promising device architectures for spintronic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding spin-current interactions is vital for next-generation information technology.
  • Current-induced torques and their reciprocal effect offer pathways to enhance device functionality.
  • Spintronic devices show significant promise for revolutionizing semiconductor technology.