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Related Concept Videos

The Hall Effect01:30

The Hall Effect

Edwin H. Hall, in the year 1879, devised an experiment that could be used to identify the polarity of the predominant charge carriers in a conducting material. From a historical perspective, this experiment was the first to demonstrate that the charge carriers in most metals are negative.
Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...
Faraday Disk Dynamo01:23

Faraday Disk Dynamo

A Faraday disk dynamo is a DC generator, producing an emf that is constant in time. It consists of a conducting disk that rotates with a constant angular velocity in the magnetic field, perpendicular to the disk's plane. The rotation of the disk causes a change in magnetic flux, which induces an emf, causing opposite charges to develop on the rim and in the center of the disk. The polarity of the induced emf can be determined by the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of the...
Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:13

Torque On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

The most common application of magnetic force on current-carrying wires is in electric motors. These consist of loops of wire, which are placed between the magnets with a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate, thus converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
Consider a rectangular current-carrying loop containing N turns of wire, placed in a uniform magnetic field. The net force on a current-carrying loop...
Van de Graaff Generator01:15

Van de Graaff Generator

Van de Graaff generators (or Van de Graaffs) are devices used to demonstrate high voltage due to static electricity that can also be used for research. Robert Van de Graaff first built one in 1931 (based on original suggestions by Lord Kelvin) for use in nuclear physics research.
Van de Graaff uses both smooth and pointed surfaces, conductors, and insulators to generate large static charges and, hence, large voltages. A substantial excess charge can be deposited on the sphere because it moves...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters
12:22

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters

Published on: February 16, 2019

Spin Hall effect devices.

Tomas Jungwirth1, Jörg Wunderlich, Kamil Olejník

  • 1Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnická 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic.

Nature Materials
|April 24, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The spin Hall effect, a relativistic spin-orbit coupling phenomenon, enables electrical generation and detection of spin currents in non-magnetic materials. Recent experimental findings have significantly advanced its understanding and spintronic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Spintronics
  • Quantum mechanics

Background:

  • The spin Hall effect is a relativistic spin-orbit coupling phenomenon.
  • It allows for electrical generation and detection of spin currents in non-magnetic systems.
  • Its experimental observation is less than 10 years old.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental results on the spin Hall effect.
  • To establish a basic physical understanding of the phenomenon.
  • To highlight the role of spin Hall devices in spintronics.

Main Methods:

  • Chronological organization of experiments.
  • Division into semiconductor and metal spin Hall devices.
  • Categorization into optical and electrical spin Hall experiments.

Main Results:

  • Established basic physical understanding of the spin Hall effect.
  • Demonstrated spintronic functionalities using spin Hall devices.
  • Showcased the role of spin Hall devices in physical phenomena.

Conclusions:

  • The spin Hall effect is a key phenomenon in spintronics.
  • Experimental studies have significantly advanced its understanding.
  • Spin Hall devices are crucial for spin injection, manipulation, and detection.