Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Electro-mechanical Systems

Electro-mechanical Systems

Electromechanical systems are intricate configurations that effectively combine electrical and mechanical elements to achieve a desired outcome. Central to many of these systems is the DC motor, a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, enabling various applications ranging from simple fans to complex robotic mechanisms.
A key component of the DC motor is the armature, a rotating circuit positioned within a magnetic field. As an electric current passes through the...

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical Systems

Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically described...

Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity

Relative Motion Analysis - Velocity

A stroke engine has a slider-crank mechanism that converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider.
When an external force is exerted, it sets the crank into a rotational movement. This, in turn, instigates the motion of the connecting rod, leading to what is referred to as a general plane motion. This process involves two key points - point A on the connecting rod...

Forced Oscillations

Forced Oscillations

When an oscillator is forced with a periodic driving force, the motion may seem chaotic. The motions of such oscillators are known as transients. After the transients die out, the oscillator reaches a steady state, where the motion is periodic, and the displacement is determined.

Magnetic Damping

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Brain reorganization: altered functional connectivity in reward network after stroke.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2025

Same author

Influence of atlas-choice on age and time effects in large-scale brain networks in the context of healthy aging.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2025

Same author

Functional connectivity-based compensation in the brains of non-demented older adults and the influence of lifestyle: A longitudinal 7-year study.

NeuroImage·2025

Same author

Facial Affect Recognition and Executive Function Abnormalities in ADHD Subjects: An ERP Study.

Clinical EEG and neuroscience·2024

Same author

[Human intelligence: is the human brain reasonable?]

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)·2024

Same author

Associations between white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, entorhinal cortex thickness, declarative memory and leisure activity in cognitively healthy older adults: A 7-year study.

NeuroImage·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

The dynamic audio-motor system in pianists.

¹Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. l.jaencke@psychologie.uzh.ch

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|April 25, 2012

Summary

Continuous audio-motor control may hinder pianists. This study found rhythmic variations in auditory-premotor cortex coupling during piano playing, suggesting a dynamic functional relationship is key for musical performance.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Music Cognition
Motor Control

Background:

Continuous closed-loop audio-motor control is theorized to potentially disadvantage pianists.
The functional relationship between auditory and premotor cortex activity is hypothesized to fluctuate rhythmically.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the dynamic functional coupling between the auditory and premotor cortex during piano playing.
To test the hypothesis that this coupling rhythmically decreases and increases.

Main Methods:

Estimating intracerebral electrical activations using scalp EEG and standardized low-resolution electrical tomography (sLORETA).
Applying Granger causality analysis to time series data from auditory and premotor cortex.
Utilizing cross-correlations to determine time lags in the functional relationship.

More Related Videos

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

Published on: August 2, 2016

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Published on: June 3, 2009

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Real-Time Proxy-Control of Re-Parameterized Peripheral Signals using a Close-Loop Interface

Published on: May 8, 2021

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

Published on: August 2, 2016

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Published on: June 3, 2009

Main Results:

A stronger causal relationship from the auditory to the premotor cortex was observed during piano playing compared to rest.
This auditory-premotor cortex relationship exhibited rhythmic variations during performance.
Time lags between the auditory and premotor cortex ranged from 666 ms to 820 ms.

Conclusions:

The functional coupling between the auditory and premotor cortex is not constant but varies dynamically during piano playing.
These rhythmic fluctuations may be crucial for optimal piano performance.
Preliminary evidence supports the hypothesis of dynamic, rather than continuous, audio-motor control in pianists.