Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity01:22

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Causes of Nonlinearity

Nonlinearity in drug pharmacokinetics is caused by various factors influencing how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Understanding these nonlinear processes is crucial for predicting drug behavior in the body and optimizing drug dosing regimens.
Nonlinear drug absorption can occur when the process is rate-limited by solubility, carrier-mediated transport systems, or saturation of the presystemic gut wall or hepatic metabolism. For instance, high doses of riboflavin...
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:19

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

Nonlinear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is a phenomenon that occurs when the pharmacokinetic parameters of certain drugs deviate from linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. These drugs do not follow the expected first-order kinetics, where the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Instead, they exhibit a nonlinear relationship, which can be attributed to several factors.
Nonlinearity can arise due to the saturation of plasma protein-binding or...
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Kinetics of aldosterone-dependent ENaC trafficking in the kidney.

The Journal of general physiology·2025
Same author

Resolving Artifacts in Voltage-Clamp Experiments with Computational Modeling: An Application to Fast Sodium Current Recordings.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Resolving artefacts in voltage-clamp experiments with computational modelling: an application to fast sodium current recordings.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Single-cell ionic current phenotyping elucidates non-canonical features and predictive potential of cardiomyocytes during automated drug experiments.

The Journal of physiology·2024
Same author

Stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte heterogeneity confounds electrophysiological insights.

The Journal of physiology·2024
Same author

Single-cell ionic current phenotyping explains stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte action potential morphology.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2024
Same journal

Physics-Informed Machine Learning in Biomedical Science and Engineering.

Annual review of biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Advancements and Challenges in Computer-Assisted Medical Interventions for Image-Guided Prostate Cancer Treatments.

Annual review of biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Recent Advances in mRNA Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines.

Annual review of biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Artificial Intelligence-Based Analysis of Laparoscopic Imaging for Intraoperative Surgical Decision Support.

Annual review of biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Viscoelasticity of the Heart: An Overview of Viscoelastic Measurements at Different Scales.

Annual review of biomedical engineering·2026
Same journal

Digital Twins for Biofluids.

Annual review of biomedical engineering·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Cardiac Loading using Passive Left Atrial Pressurization and Passive Afterload for Graft Assessment
08:49

Cardiac Loading using Passive Left Atrial Pressurization and Passive Afterload for Graft Assessment

Published on: August 2, 2024

Nonlinear dynamics in cardiology.

Trine Krogh-Madsen1, David J Christini

  • 1Greenberg Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA. trk2002@med.cornell.edu

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
|April 25, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac arrhythmias arise from nonlinear dynamics and sudden bifurcations. Recent computational models highlight the critical role of intracellular calcium dynamics in heart rhythm disorders like alternans and automaticity.

More Related Videos

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues
09:40

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues

Published on: May 5, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Cardiac Loading using Passive Left Atrial Pressurization and Passive Afterload for Graft Assessment
08:49

Cardiac Loading using Passive Left Atrial Pressurization and Passive Afterload for Graft Assessment

Published on: August 2, 2024

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues
09:40

Magnetic Adjustment of Afterload in Engineered Heart Tissues

Published on: May 5, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Computational Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cardiac arrhythmias and rhythm transitions are linked to nonlinear phenomena in cardiac electrophysiology.
  • Pathological changes in cardiac disease often develop gradually, contrasting with the sudden onset of arrhythmias.
  • Nonlinear systems exhibit bifurcations, where gradual parameter changes can cause abrupt shifts in dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the influence of nonlinearities in cardiac electrophysiology on normal and abnormal heart rhythms.
  • To explore how bifurcations alter cardiac dynamics, particularly in the context of arrhythmias.
  • To focus on recent advancements in computational modeling of intracellular calcium dynamics relevant to cardiac arrhythmogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and computational modeling studies.
  • Focus on nonlinear dynamics and bifurcation theory in cardiac electrophysiology.
  • Analysis of intracellular calcium dynamics at the cellular level.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinearities in cardiac electrophysiology significantly influence heart rhythms and transitions.
  • Bifurcations in nonlinear systems can explain the sudden occurrence of arrhythmias.
  • Recent modeling efforts emphasize the importance of intracellular calcium dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear dynamics and bifurcations are crucial for understanding cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Intracellular calcium dynamics are a key area for investigating nonlinear mechanisms in heart rhythm disorders.
  • Computational modeling provides valuable insights into cellular mechanisms underlying arrhythmias like repolarization alternans and pacemaker cell automaticity.