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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

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Published on: September 24, 2021

Pacemaker placement and shoulder surgery: is there a risk?

P M Ahrens¹, N A Siddiqui, R D Rakhit

¹Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, UK.

Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England

|April 25, 2012

Summary

Surgeons lack awareness of cardiac pacemaker insertion techniques, posing patient safety risks. Improved education on pacemaker placement and diathermy use is crucial to prevent intraoperative harm.

Area of Science:

Orthopaedic Surgery
Cardiology
Patient Safety

Background:

The deltopectoral approach is a longstanding method for cardiologist-performed pacemaker wire insertion.
This technique is often unknown to other surgical specialties operating on the anterior shoulder.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess awareness of pacemaker insertion techniques among shoulder surgeons and trainees.
To evaluate knowledge of pacemaker placement and associated risks.

Main Methods:

Survey of subspecialty shoulder surgeons.
Survey of orthopaedic trainees.
Assessment of knowledge regarding pacemaker placement and risks.

Main Results:

A significant lack of knowledge was found in both surveyed groups regarding pacemaker placement.

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No difference in knowledge levels was observed between experienced surgeons and trainees.

This suggests specialization does not correlate with increased awareness.

Conclusions:

Failure to identify pacemaker sites and devices before surgery risks patient harm.
Direct injury to pacemakers/leads and diathermy use pose intraoperative hazards.
Widespread dissemination of this information is necessary to mitigate patient risks.