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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

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Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
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Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Relation between Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Renal Function among Elderly Population.

G Kibria1, M S Hossain, H Islam

  • 1Dr Golam Kibria, Dialysis Medical Officer, National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology (NIKDU), Dhaka, Bangladesh;

Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Cardiometabolic risk factors like age and female gender are significant predictors of reduced kidney function in older adults. Early detection of these factors can aid in identifying Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in its early stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Geriatrics
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) often presents asymptomatically in early stages, leading to diagnosis in advanced, therapy-requiring phases.
  • Older adults frequently exhibit cardiometabolic risk factors preceding CKD diagnosis.
  • Early identification of cardiometabolic risk factors can serve as a crucial screening tool for declining renal function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and renal function in an elderly population.
  • To identify key predictors of reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in individuals aged 60 and above.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 145 elderly subjects (≥60 years) was conducted.
  • Data collection included face-to-face interviews, physical examinations, and laboratory investigations.
  • CKD diagnosis was based on the CKD-EPI equation, defining reduced renal function as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m² or albuminuria ≥30mg/g.

Main Results:

  • Nearly 30% of the elderly subjects had an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73m², indicating reduced kidney function.
  • Female gender was identified as the strongest risk factor for CKD (adjusted OR: 2.57), followed by age (adjusted OR: 1.11).
  • Significant differences in cardiometabolic factors (age, sex, waist circumference, BMI, serum creatinine, albumin-creatinine ratio) were observed between individuals with and without moderate to severe CKD.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiometabolic risk factors are significantly associated with reduced renal function in the elderly.
  • Female gender and advanced age are key predictors of CKD in this demographic.
  • These findings underscore the importance of screening for cardiometabolic risk factors for early CKD detection in older adults.