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Updated: May 22, 2026

Colorimetric Paper-based Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from Large Volumes of Agricultural Water

Colorimetric Paper-based Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from Large Volumes of Agricultural Water

Published on: June 9, 2014

Multiplexed paper test strip for quantitative bacterial detection.

S M Zakir Hossain¹, Cory Ozimok, Clémence Sicard

¹Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

|April 25, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel lab-on-paper test strip for rapid, sensitive detection of Escherichia coli bacteria using enzyme activity. The bioactive paper test strips offer on-site bacterial detection for clinical and resource-limited settings.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Analytical Chemistry
Microbiology

Background:

Rapid, sensitive, on-site bacterial detection is crucial for clinical settings, rapid response, and resource-limited environments.
Existing methods often require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, limiting their applicability.
There is a need for accessible and efficient diagnostic tools for bacterial pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel lab-on-paper test strip for selective and ultra-sensitive multiplexed detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli).
To utilize intracellular enzyme activity (β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase) for bacterial identification.
To achieve rapid, on-site detection without the need for complex instrumentation.

Main Methods:

A bioactive paper test strip was fabricated using sol-gel-derived silica inks and inkjet printing.
The strip incorporated specific substrates (XG and CPRG) and FeCl(3) for enzyme-based colorimetric detection.
Immunomagnetic nanoparticles were employed for selective preconcentration of bacteria.

Main Results:

The test strips enabled selective and multiplexed detection of non-pathogenic and pathogenic E. coli strains.
Color changes indicated the presence of specific enzyme activities: colorless-to-blue for GUS and yellow-to-red-magenta for B-GAL.
A limit of detection of approximately 5 colony-forming units (cfu)/mL for E. coli O157:H7 was achieved within 30 minutes without culturing.
With an added culturing step, detection levels below 1 cfu/100 mL were possible within 8 hours.

Conclusions:

The developed paper test strips offer a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective method for on-site bacterial detection.
This technology is suitable for detecting total coliforms and pathogens in various samples, including bathing water, beverages, and food.
The lab-on-paper approach holds significant potential for applications in public health and diagnostics, especially in resource-limited settings.