Imaging and classification of congenital cystic renal diseases

The purpose of this clinical perspective is to describe a decision-tree approach to the finding of hyperechoic kidneys as signs of congenital renal cystic disease in fetuses and children. This approach takes into account the latest classification of inherited renal cystic diseases. The basis of the approach is a detailed sonographic analysis in addition to assessment of clinical data and the familial history.

With the decision-tree approach, typical sonographic patterns can be described and used for accurate diagnosis of isolated renal cystic diseases and polymalformative syndromes. In some cases, however, the diagnosis is not achieved, and complementary examinations are needed.