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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...
Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

[Exophthalmos arising from paranasal sinuses].

N Benmansour1, A Hajij, M Ridal

  • 1CHU Hassan II, Service ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, 30000 Fès, Maroc.

Revue De Laryngologie - Otologie - Rhinologie
|April 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Proptosis from sinonasal benign diseases, such as osteomas and mucoceles, is a serious ENT complication. Surgical intervention is the curative treatment for these benign tumors.

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A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy
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A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy
06:08

A Standardized Surgical Technique for Tessier Medial Transnasal Canthopexy

Published on: January 23, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurosurgery

Context:

  • Proptosis, or exophthalmos, is frequently caused by intraorbital processes and can indicate serious complications.
  • Findings in Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) practice often signal a severe underlying issue.

Purpose:

  • To review a series of patients presenting with exophthalmos secondary to benign sinonasal diseases.
  • To analyze the clinical presentation, etiology, and management outcomes.

Summary:

  • A retrospective analysis of 15 patients with exophthalmos complicating benign rhinosinusitis between 2003-2010.
  • The most common causes were fronto-ethmoidal osteomas (9 cases) and mucoceles (5 cases).
  • Exophthalmos was unilateral, non-axial, irreducible, with an average symptom duration of 18 months.

Impact:

  • Highlights the significance of sinonasal pathologies as a cause of proptosis.
  • Emphasizes the diagnostic role of clinical and radiological data.
  • Confirms surgery as the primary curative treatment for benign sinonasal tumors causing exophthalmos.