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[The Bell Labs contributions to (singing) voice enginee­ring].

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    Summary
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    Sound engineering, particularly voice modification, is crucial in popular music creation. Technologies like the artificial larynx, vocoder, and speech synthesis, developed by Bell Labs, are key to this evolution.

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    Area of Science:

    • Music Technology
    • Acoustic Engineering
    • Digital Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Traditional and art music prioritize vocal virtuosity.
    • Popular music increasingly relies on sound engineering for vocal manipulation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine three Bell Labs technologies impacting music: artificial larynx, vocoder, and speech synthesis.
    • To analyze the role of sound engineering in popular music production.

    Main Methods:

    • Explanation of the source-filter theory underpinning the technologies.
    • Historical overview of artificial larynx, vocoder, and speech synthesis.
    • Illustrative examples from film and music.

    Main Results:

    • Bell Labs technologies significantly altered music production.
    • Sound engineering, especially voice sonority modification, is integral to pop music.

    Conclusions:

    • Sound engineering is indispensable in contemporary "pop" music creation.
    • Voice modification technologies have reshaped artistic musical processes.