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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Changes in left ventricular morphology and function after mitral valve surgery.

Alexis E Shafii1, A Marc Gillinov, Tomislav Mihaljevic

  • 1Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA. shafiia@ccf.org

The American Journal of Cardiology
|April 27, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitral valve surgery improves left ventricular (LV) function and size within a year, especially when performed before significant heart changes occur. Early intervention maximizes reverse remodeling for better outcomes in degenerative mitral valve disease.

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Published on: October 16, 2021

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
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An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
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Published on: May 19, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Degenerative mitral valve disease is a primary cause of mitral regurgitation in North America.
  • Surgical decisions often depend on symptoms and compensatory ventricular remodeling.
  • Understanding the temporal response of the left ventricle (LV) to surgery is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the short-term and long-term changes in LV morphology and function after mitral valve surgery for degenerative disease.
  • To identify preoperative factors influencing reverse remodeling post-surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 5,336 transthoracic echocardiograms from 2,778 patients undergoing mitral valve repair or replacement (1986-2007).
  • Multivariate longitudinal repeated-measures analysis to identify factors associated with reverse remodeling.
  • Assessment of LV dimensions, mass index, and ejection fraction before and after surgery.

Main Results:

  • LV dimensions and mass index significantly decreased within the first year post-surgery.
  • Reduced reverse remodeling was observed in patients with greater preoperative left heart enlargement and LV mass.
  • Postoperative LV ejection fraction initially decreased but improved during the first year, influenced by preoperative heart failure and LV dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Mitral valve surgery leads to significant normalization of LV morphology and function, predominantly within the first year.
  • Optimal outcomes are achieved when surgery precedes substantial left heart dilation, hypertrophy, or dysfunction.
  • Both valve repair and replacement demonstrated similar risk-adjusted responses in LV remodeling.