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Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
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iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro
09:33

Generation of Scaffold-free, Three-dimensional Insulin Expressing Pancreatoids from Mouse Pancreatic Progenitors In Vitro

Published on: June 2, 2018

Making β cells from adult tissues.

Shimon Efrat1, Holger A Russ

  • 1Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. sefrat@post.tau.ac.il

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|April 28, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Exploring alternative diabetes therapies, this review focuses on using adult human cells for β-cell replacement. Strategies include expanding islet cells and reprogramming other cells, aiming for clinical application.

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Optimized Protocol for Generating Functional Pancreatic Insulin-secreting Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Optimized Protocol for Generating Functional Pancreatic Insulin-secreting Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: February 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes treatment seeks effective beta-cell replacement strategies.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells face challenges in generating functional insulin-producing cells.
  • Adult human tissues offer an alternative source for beta-cell regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress in using adult human cells for diabetes therapy.
  • To evaluate ex vivo expansion of human islet beta-cells.
  • To examine nuclear reprogramming for converting non-beta cells into insulin-producing cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on beta-cell replacement strategies.
  • Analysis of ex vivo expansion techniques for human islet beta-cells.
  • Assessment of nuclear reprogramming methods for cell conversion.

Main Results:

  • Significant advancements in deriving insulin-producing cells from adult human tissues.
  • Progress in ex vivo expansion of human islet beta-cells.
  • Development of nuclear reprogramming techniques for cell conversion.

Conclusions:

  • Adult human cells present a promising alternative for beta-cell replacement in diabetes therapy.
  • Further research is needed to overcome obstacles for clinical application.
  • Both beta-cell expansion and cell reprogramming strategies show therapeutic potential.