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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...

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Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
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Hybrid multiferroic nanostructure with magnetic-dielectric coupling.

T N Narayanan1, B P Mandal, A K Tyagi

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.

Nano Letters
|May 2, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel single nanowire multiferroic system. This room-temperature magnetodielectric coupling is key for next-generation low-power electronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Economical synthesis of multiferroic systems is crucial for advanced electronic devices.
  • Room-temperature spin-charge coupling enables multifunctional devices with low power consumption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the fabrication of a single nanowire multiferroic system.
  • To investigate room-temperature magnetodielectric coupling in a novel geometry.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a coaxial nanotube/nanowire heterostructure using barium titanate (BaTiO(3)) and cobalt (Co).
  • Utilized a template-assisted synthesis method.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized a single nanowire multiferroic system.
  • Observed room-temperature ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity.
  • Demonstrated magnetodielectric coupling at room temperature.

Conclusions:

  • The coaxial BaTiO(3)/Co system exhibits coexistence of multiple ferroic interactions.
  • This novel geometry is promising for next-generation multifunctional devices.