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Related Concept Videos

Flail Chest-II01:26

Flail Chest-II

Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel
08:27

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Published on: May 23, 2025

Wind swept elbow: injury pattern and reconstruction.

Kagan Ozer1, Kyros Ipaktchi

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103, USA. kozer@umich.edu

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma
|May 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel surgical technique using Achilles tendon allografts to reconstruct severe elbow collateral ligament injuries, restoring joint stability and function in patients with significant bone and soft tissue loss.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel
08:27

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel

Published on: May 23, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Traumatology
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Sweeping elbow injuries involve traumatic loss of epicondyles and collateral ligaments, leading to joint instability.
  • Reconstruction is difficult due to bone loss and challenges in identifying isometric attachment points.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a unique injury pattern and a surgical technique for elbow joint stabilization.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of bone-tendon (Achilles) allograft reconstruction for severe collateral ligament defects.

Main Methods:

  • A consecutive case series of 4 patients with severe elbow sweep injuries.
  • Surgical reconstruction using Achilles bone-tendon allograft to restore medial or lateral collateral ligaments.
  • Soft tissue coverage with various flaps and management of associated nerve injuries or fractures.

Main Results:

  • All 4 patients achieved radiographic bone-to-bone healing and restored elbow stability.
  • Average elbow motion was 115 degrees, with satisfactory patient-reported outcomes for pain, function, and satisfaction.
  • Two patients experienced radial nerve palsy, and one had ulnar nerve palsy, which were addressed surgically.

Conclusions:

  • Bone-tendon allograft reconstruction is an effective method for restoring stability in severe elbow collateral ligament injuries.
  • This technique provides satisfactory functional outcomes despite significant tissue loss and associated nerve injuries.