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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention

Published on: December 15, 2023

Comparing AI-generated and human peer reviews: A study on 11 articles.

Domenico Marrella¹, Su Jiang², Kyros Ipaktchi³

¹Department of Hand Surgery, Strasbourg University Hospitals, FMTS, 1 Avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France.

Hand Surgery & Rehabilitation

|July 22, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

ChatGPT demonstrates superior peer review capabilities compared to human reviewers, offering higher quality assessments and faster decision-making for scientific manuscripts. Careful implementation is key to leveraging AI for improved publication standards.

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence ChatGPT Hand surgery Large language model Peer review Scientific article

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

Area of Science:

Medical Informatics
Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
Scientific Publishing

Background:

The traditional peer review process for scientific articles faces significant challenges, including increasing submission volumes and extended review durations.
Evaluating the quality and suitability of manuscripts is critical for maintaining scientific integrity and advancing medical knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the efficacy of large language models, specifically ChatGPT (versions 4o and o1), in performing editorial decisions and generating peer reviews for surgical manuscripts.
To test the hypothesis that ChatGPT's peer review quality surpasses that of human reviewers.

Main Methods:

Eleven anonymized, previously published hand surgery articles were evaluated by ChatGPT 4o and o1 for publication eligibility and peer review generation.
An experienced hand surgeon utilized the ARCADIA score to assess the quality of both human-generated and ChatGPT-generated peer reviews.

Main Results:

ChatGPT models exhibited high acceptance rates (95% for 4o, 98% for o1) and demonstrated higher concordance with lower-impact factor journals.
ChatGPT-generated peer reviews received significantly higher ARCADIA scores (4.8 for 4o, 4.9 for o1) compared to human reviews (2.8-3.2).

Conclusions:

ChatGPT shows potential to enhance the scientific peer review process, offering superior quality and efficiency over human reviewers.
Precise instructions are necessary to mitigate AI "hallucinations," and rigorous management of AI limitations is crucial for improving scientific publication quality.