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Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies
08:39

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

Published on: August 25, 2018

Etomidate-Adulterated Vaping: Fragmented Global Drug Control and Public Health Risks.

Nicholas Lassi1, Su Jiang2

  • 1School of Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, China.

Drug and Alcohol Review
|June 12, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Etomidate-adulterated vaping products pose a global health risk. Coordinated legal reforms, better forensic capabilities, and improved intelligence sharing are recommended to combat illicit distribution and protect public health.

Keywords:
analoguesetomidateforensic toxicologynarcotics controlpublic healthvaping

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic toxicology
  • Public health policy
  • International drug control

Background:

  • Emergence of novel psychoactive substances in vaping products.
  • Etomidate, an anesthetic, is increasingly detected in illicit vaping products.
  • Public health risks associated with aerosolized etomidate and its analogues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the geographical spread of etomidate-adulterated vaping products.
  • To assess the toxicological hazards of aerosolized etomidate.
  • To compare legal and policy responses in affected jurisdictions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of government reports, forensic data, and statutory instruments.
  • Reconstruction of the geographic spread of etomidate and its analogues.
  • Evaluation of toxicological hazards and regulatory strategies.

Main Results:

  • Detection and enforcement primarily in East and Southeast Asia.
  • Divergent regulatory models observed: criminal-control vs. pharmaceutical-control.
  • Recommendations include analogue legislation, forensic infrastructure investment, and information-sharing platforms.

Conclusions:

  • Etomidate-adulterated vaping is an international public health and governance challenge.
  • Synchronized legal reform is crucial for effective countermeasures.
  • Enhanced forensic infrastructure and cross-jurisdictional intelligence sharing are vital.