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Related Concept Videos

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...
Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
05:03

A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes

Published on: February 24, 2023

[Osteocyte-network in various vertebrates].

Akira Yamaguchi1

  • 1Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|May 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vertebrate bone structure varies by habitat. While fish bone osteocyte lacunae differ from land vertebrates, this variation isn't solely due to aquatic environments.

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Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes
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Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
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Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes
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IDG-SW3 Cell Culture in a Three-Dimensional Extracellular Matrix

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative histology
  • Vertebrate paleontology
  • Bone biology

Context:

  • Vertebrates inhabit diverse environments, influencing bone morphology and function.
  • Histological analysis of bone structure across different vertebrate classes is crucial for understanding evolutionary adaptations.
  • Teleost fishes present unique bone types: cellular with many osteocytes or acellular with few.

Purpose:

  • To investigate and compare bone histology across aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates.
  • To examine the development of the osteocyte lacunocanalicular system in various vertebrate species.
  • To determine the relationship between habitat and bone microarchitecture.

Summary:

  • Teleost fishes exhibit either cellular or acellular bone, with poorly developed osteocyte lacunocanalicular systems compared to terrestrial vertebrates.
  • Amphibians, reptiles, and mammals show well-developed osteocyte lacunocanalicular systems.
  • The freshwater amphibian Xenopus laevis also displays well-developed systems, similar to reptiles and mammals.

Impact:

  • Highlights significant differences in bone microarchitecture between fish and tetrapods.
  • Suggests that the evolution of the osteocyte lacunocanalicular system is not solely dictated by aquatic versus terrestrial lifestyles.
  • Provides insights into the functional implications of bone structure in vertebrate evolution.