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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Adverse perinatal events associated with ART.

Daniel Skora1, David Frankfurter

  • 1The George Washington University, Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC 20037, USA.

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine
|May 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Assisted reproductive technology (ART) can lead to adverse outcomes like prematurity and low birth weight, often due to multiple gestations. Elective single embryo transfer may reduce these risks, but imprinting disorders require careful patient discussion.

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Clinical Practice Protocol of Creative Music Therapy for Preterm Infants and Their Parents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Published on: January 7, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Genetics
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • Multiple gestations resulting from ART are linked to prematurity, low birth weight, and congenital anomalies.
  • Underlying infertility factors like advanced maternal age and PCOS also contribute to adverse outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the adverse outcomes associated with ART.
  • To discuss the impact of multiple gestations and elective single embryo transfer (eSET).
  • To highlight the importance of considering imprinting abnormalities and methylation disorders in ART patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ART outcomes.
  • Analysis of risks associated with multiple vs. single gestations.
  • Examination of the relationship between infertility causes and ART risks.
  • Review of imprinting disorders and methylation abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Multiple gestations significantly increase risks of prematurity, low birth weight, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), congenital malformations, and cerebral palsy (CP).
  • Elective single embryo transfer (eSET) is expected to decrease risks associated with multiple births.
  • Underlying infertility conditions (e.g., advanced maternal age, PCOS, thyroid disease, uterine fibroids) are independent risk factors for adverse outcomes.
  • Imprinting abnormalities are not directly linked to multiple births but may be associated with ART and methylation disorders.

Conclusions:

  • ART use necessitates a comprehensive discussion with patients regarding risks of multi-fetal gestation and potential adverse outcomes.
  • While eSET may mitigate risks of multiple births, the association between ART and methylation disorders, including imprinting abnormalities, requires continued investigation and patient counseling.
  • Understanding and addressing both multifetal gestation risks and potential epigenetic alterations is crucial for optimizing ART outcomes.