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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

Advances in microRNA-mediated reprogramming technology.

Chih-Hao Kuo1, Shao-Yao Ying

  • 1Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, BMT-403, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.

Stem Cells International
|May 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can reprogram somatic cells into induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for regenerative medicine. This review explores miRNA-mediated somatic cell reprogramming mechanisms and methods, avoiding viral integration for safer clinical use.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer patient-specific regenerative medicine solutions.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of biological processes, including cell differentiation and reprogramming.
  • Embryonic-stem-cell-specific miRNAs are investigated for their role in somatic cell reprogramming (SCR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated somatic cell reprogramming.
  • To review current approaches for inducing iPSCs using miRNAs.
  • To highlight the potential of miRNA-based reprogramming for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on miRNA-mediated somatic cell reprogramming.
  • Analysis of different strategies for generating iPSCs with miRNAs.
  • Discussion of the limitations of current viral-integration methods.

Main Results:

  • Several methods have been developed to generate ESC-like cells using ESC-specific miRNAs.
  • miRNA-mediated reprogramming offers a potential alternative to traditional methods.
  • Viral integration methods pose limitations for clinical translation.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs play a significant role in somatic cell reprogramming.
  • miRNA-based approaches can generate iPSCs without viral integration.
  • Further research into miRNA-mediated reprogramming is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine.