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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

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The MicroRNA.

Shao-Yao Ying1, Donald C Chang2, Shi-Lung Lin3

  • 1Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. sying@usc.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|February 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intronic microRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNAs derived from transposons within introns. These intronic miRNAs leverage cellular machinery for maturation and play roles in development and gene regulation.

Keywords:
BiogenesisCancerCirculating miRNADrug developmentHeart diseaseIntronic miRNAMechanismNoncoding RNAsSmall RNATransposonsiPSCsmiRNAsiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory RNA molecules.
  • They regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNA (mRNA).
  • Transposons, including retroviruses and transgenes, have integrated into eukaryotic genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the origin and function of intronic microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • To discuss the role of intronic miRNAs in gene regulation and biological systems.
  • To highlight applications of engineered intronic miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on miRNA biogenesis and function.
  • Analysis of the evolutionary integration of transposons into host genomes.
  • Discussion of experimental applications of intronic miRNAs.

Main Results:

  • Intronic miRNAs originate from transposon sequences inserted into introns.
  • These miRNAs utilize the host cell's mRNA transcription and splicing machinery for processing.
  • Intronic miRNAs are implicated in embryonic development and physiological regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Intronic miRNAs represent a unique class of regulatory RNAs with evolutionary origins in transposons.
  • They offer potential for gene function studies, gene therapy, and creating animal models.
  • Further research into miRNAs, including circulating and intronic types, is crucial for understanding various diseases.