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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)

Multimedia Battery for Assessment of Cognitive and Basic Skills in Mathematics (BM-PROMA)

Published on: August 28, 2021

Association between basic numerical abilities and mathematics achievement.

Delphine Sasanguie¹, Bert De Smedt, Emmy Defever

¹Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium. Delphine.Sasanguie@kuleuven-kortrijk.be

The British Journal of Developmental Psychology

|May 4, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding Arabic digits is key for children's math skills. This study shows symbolic number tasks, especially number comparison in kindergarten, strongly predict math achievement.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology
Educational Psychology

Background:

Number processing is crucial for mathematical development.
Different tasks assess number representation, including number comparison and number line estimation.
The relationship between these tasks and mathematics achievement in children requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the relationship between different measures of number representation and mathematics achievement in children.
To investigate how this relationship varies across different grade levels (kindergarten to sixth grade).
To determine the importance of symbolic versus non-symbolic number processing for math skills.

Main Methods:

Children in kindergarten, first, second, and sixth grade completed number comparison and number line estimation tasks.
Both symbolic (Arabic digits) and non-symbolic (dot patterns) stimuli were used.
Performance was correlated with scores on a standardized mathematics achievement test.

Main Results:

Symbolic number measures were associated with mathematics achievement.
Number line estimation showed a consistent association across all grades.
Number comparison was most strongly associated with math achievement in kindergarteners.

Conclusions:

A strong understanding of the numerical meaning of Arabic digits is vital for children's mathematical development.
Accessing the numerical meaning of symbolic digits, rather than number representation in general, is particularly important.
Early symbolic number skills, like number comparison, may be critical predictors of later math success.