Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 22, 2026

Using Archival Japanese Paper and Thermoplastic Resins to Prepare Fossils for Storage, Display, Transport, and Radiography
Published on: November 14, 2025
[Japanese publications in German language (1886-1941)]
Background:
Publications in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland by Japanese authors are hitherto noticed insufficiently.
Methods:
We have made an evaluation of ophthalmological journals in the German language.
Results:
Four hundred and twenty-five original publications in German language by Japanese authors in the preiod from 1886 to 1941 were evaluated. The publications appeared most frequently in "Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde" with 196 and in "Graefe's Archiv für Ophthalmologie" with 137 original works, less frequently in "Archiv für Augenheilkunde" with 55 and in "Zeitschrift für Augenheilkunde" and "Ophthalmologica" with 15 publications each; in the journal "Centralblatt für praktische Augenheilkunde" 14 and in "Beiträgen zur Augenheilkunde" 8 original articles had been published. Review articles and congress reports of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society were also published in "Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde". Visits in Japan by Julius Hirschberg (1892) und Theodor Axenfeld (1930) intensified contacts between German-speaking Japanese ophthalmologists. Y. Koyanagi (Sendai) published 46 excellent works. We also found many important publications by T. Inouye (Tokyo), J. Komoto (Tokyo), S. Miyashita (Tokyo), B. Nakamura (Osaka), Ch. Oguchi (Tokyo), S. Suganuma (Tokyo), Y. Sugita (Nagoya) und H. Yamaguchi (Tokyo).
Conclusions:
We point to many important publications by Japanese ophthalmologists who had contacts to German, Austrian and Swiss colleagues mainly in the first half of the last century.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Termination of Translation
Termination of Translation
Meiosis I
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Distribution and Dispersion
