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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions01:27

Phase I Reactions: Reductive Reactions

Phase I biotransformation reductive reactions are chemical processes that modify drugs by introducing or revealing polar functional groups via reduction. Enzymes called reductases catalyze these reactions, playing a pivotal role in drug metabolism by transforming lipophilic drugs into more polar, water-soluble metabolites for easy excretion. An essential type of reductive reaction is the carbonyl group reduction, where aldehydes and ketones are reduced to alcohols. An example is the...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones: Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation01:22

Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones: Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation

Baeyer–Villiger oxidation converts aldehydes to carboxylic acids and ketones to esters. The reaction uses peroxy acids or peracids and is often catalyzed by acid. The reaction is named after its pioneers, Adolf von Baeyer and Victor Villiger. The reaction is achieved by a wide range of peracids such as m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA), perbenzoic acid (C6H5COOOH), peracetic acid (CH3COOOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH).
The carbonyl center is activated by...
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
09:58

Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation

Published on: May 22, 2016

A biocatalytic redox isomerisation.

Serena Gargiulo1, Diederik J Opperman, Ulf Hanefeld

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|May 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel bi-enzymatic cascade for redox-isomerisation, converting allylic alcohols to ketones in one pot. The efficient coupling of alcohol dehydrogenase and enoate reductase offers a promising green chemistry approach.

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Area of Science:

  • Biocatalysis
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Enzyme Engineering

Background:

  • Allylic alcohols are versatile chemical intermediates.
  • Redox-isomerisation is a key transformation in organic synthesis.
  • Enzymatic methods offer sustainable alternatives to traditional chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel bi-enzymatic cascade for the redox-isomerisation of allylic alcohols.
  • To achieve efficient conversion of allylic alcohols to ketones in a one-pot system.
  • To investigate critical parameters influencing yield and selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cascade reaction combining alcohol dehydrogenase and enoate reductase.
  • Performed the reaction in a one-pot format.
  • Investigated and optimized key reaction parameters.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated the bi-enzymatic cascade for allylic alcohol redox-isomerisation.
  • Achieved conversion of allylic alcohol to the corresponding ketone.
  • Identified critical parameters affecting reaction yield and selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • The presented bi-enzymatic cascade is effective for allylic alcohol isomerisation.
  • One-pot application of coupled alcohol dehydrogenase and enoate reductase is feasible.
  • Further optimization can enhance yield and selectivity for ketone production.