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Related Experiment Videos

Cervical spine flexion patterns.

S P Bohrer1, Y M Chen, D G Sayers

  • 1Department of Radiology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103.

Skeletal Radiology
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Cervical spine flexion radiographs reveal distinct patterns. Abnormal patterns, like no or single flexion angles, may signal ligament or muscle injury, while multiple angles often indicate normal or mild injury.

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Orthopedics
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Cervical spine flexion and extension radiographs are crucial stress views for detecting unstable ligamentous injuries.
  • Limited literature exists on the standardized evaluation of these dynamic radiographic views.
  • Identifying normal and abnormal flexion patterns is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define distinct patterns of cervical spine flexion observed on stress radiographs.
  • To correlate these flexion patterns with clinical findings and potential soft tissue injuries.
  • To establish a baseline for interpreting dynamic cervical spine imaging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of 150 consecutive lateral projection flexion and extension cervical spine radiographs from an Emergency Department setting.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Classification of observed flexion patterns into distinct categories based on the number and location of flexion angles.
  • Correlation of radiographic findings with available clinical data.

    • Main Results:

    • Four distinct patterns of cervical spine flexion were identified.
    • No flexion (24.7%) or a single flexion angle (24.7%) was associated with potential soft tissue injury.
    • Two flexion angles (29.3%) represented a common, previously undescribed pattern indicating less than full flexion, seen in both normal individuals and those with mild injury.
    • Three or more flexion angles (21.3%) were considered a normal pattern.

    Conclusions:

    • Attempted flexion with no or a single angle on stress radiographs may indicate ligament or muscle injury.
    • The presence of two flexion angles at consecutive levels is a common finding, not indicative of significant injury.
    • Multiple flexion angles generally represent normal physiological movement or mild, non-significant soft tissue limitations.