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Related Concept Videos

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography01:18

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

Theoretical models for supercritical fluid extraction.

Zhen Huang1, Xiao-Han Shi, Wei-Juan Jiang

  • 1Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China. huangzhen50@yahoo.com

Journal of Chromatography. A
|May 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding mass transfer mechanisms is crucial for designing supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) processes. This review details kinetic models, highlighting the broken and intact cell model as most effective for SFE of natural products.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Process Engineering
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a key technology for isolating compounds from solid matrices.
  • Accurate modeling of mass transfer is essential for optimizing SFE process design.
  • Existing models vary in complexity and applicability to different solid materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and present advances in kinetic models for SFE from solid matrices.
  • To interpret mathematical representations, assumptions, and applications of various theoretical models.
  • To discuss mass transfer mechanisms and correlations relevant to SFE.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of theoretical models including hot ball diffusion, broken and intact cell, and shrinking core.
  • Detailed interpretation of mathematical representations, assumptions, and parameter identification.
  • Discussion of mass transfer mechanisms: dissolution, diffusion, and convection.

Main Results:

  • Several kinetic models were analyzed for their suitability in describing SFE.
  • Mass transfer mechanisms involve internal and external resistances, solute-solid interactions, and axial dispersion.
  • The broken and intact cell model demonstrates superior relevance for plant materials due to realistic structural representation.

Conclusions:

  • Kinetic models are vital for understanding and optimizing SFE processes.
  • The broken and intact cell model offers a robust framework for modeling mass transfer in SFE of natural products.
  • Further research into model parameterization and application can enhance SFE process design and efficiency.