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[Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)]
S Berentsen1, R Langholm, O Reitan
1Medisinsk avdeling, Fylkessjukehuset i Haugesund.
Summary
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is rare in Norway, but this case highlights its potential presence in Scandinavian patients with relevant exposure. Early diagnosis relies on blood tests, electrophoresis, and microscopy of bone marrow aspirates.
Area of Science:
- Tropical medicine
- Parasitology
- Infectious diseases
Background:
- Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania parasites.
- VL is exceptionally rare in Norway, posing diagnostic challenges.
Observation:
- A case of VL is reported in a Norwegian patient.
- The patient presented with relevant symptoms and signs, with a history of potential exposure.
Findings:
- Diagnosis can be aided by simple blood tests and serum electrophoresis.
- Microscopic examination of bone marrow aspirate is crucial for identifying the protozoa.
- Bone marrow biopsy is recommended for pancytopenic patients, with diagnosis confirmed by culture or serology.
Implications:
- Clinicians in Scandinavia should consider VL in patients with suggestive symptoms and exposure history.
- Prompt diagnosis and appropriate diagnostic methods are essential for managing VL.
- This case underscores the importance of recognizing rare zoonotic diseases in non-endemic regions.