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Low-modulus PMMA bone cement modified with castor oil.

Alejandro López¹, Andreas Hoess, Thomas Thersleff

¹Department of Engineering Sciences, Division of Applied Materials Science, The Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering

|May 8, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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This study explored using castor oil to modify polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement for vertebroplasty. While it reduced mechanical stiffness and heat, it negatively impacted cell viability.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Orthopedic Surgery
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Vertebroplasty using polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is linked to adjacent vertebral fractures.
High injection volumes and Young's moduli of PMMA contribute to these fractures in osteoporotic bone.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate castor oil as a plasticizer for PMMA bone cements.
To evaluate the impact of castor oil on PMMA's mechanical properties, thermal characteristics, and cytotoxicity.

Main Methods:

PMMA bone cements were modified with varying weight percentages of castor oil.
Mechanical properties (Young's modulus, yield strength), thermal properties (maximum polymerization temperature), setting time, and viscosity were measured.
Cytotoxicity of material extracts was assessed using an osteoblast-like cell line.

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Main Results:

Castor oil addition (up to 12 wt%) significantly reduced Young's modulus (1500 to 446 MPa) and yield strength (88 to 15 MPa).
Maximum polymerization temperature decreased from 41.3°C to 25.6°C with castor oil, without altering setting time.
Castor oil appeared to negatively affect cell viability, indicating potential polymerization interference.

Conclusions:

Castor oil effectively plasticizes PMMA bone cement, reducing stiffness and exothermic reaction.
Further research is needed to mitigate the negative cytotoxicity observed, potentially optimizing the formulation for safer vertebroplasty augmentation.