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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Plasticity00:58

Plasticity

Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Hearing01:31

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Infant Auditory Processing and Event-related Brain Oscillations
06:34

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Published on: July 1, 2015

Neural plasticity associated with recently versus often heard objects.

Nathalie M-P Bourquin1, Lucas Spierer, Micah M Murray

  • 1Service de Neuropsychologie et de Neuroréhabilitation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.

Neuroimage
|May 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Environmental sounds are frequently repeated with variations.
  • Understanding how the auditory cortex processes repeated sounds is crucial for auditory scene analysis.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the neural mechanisms for tracking sound object history.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how sound repetitions influence neural representations in the auditory cortex.
  • To determine how the brain distinguishes between recently heard and frequently heard sound objects.
  • To explore the role of auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in tracking sound object exposure history.

Main Methods:

  • Presented 40 environmental sounds twice (prime and repeat) to subjects.
  • Subjects performed a living vs. non-living categorization task.
  • Utilized electrical neuroimaging and dynamic analysis of distributed source estimations on AEPs.

Main Results:

  • A significant effect of sound presentation (prime vs. repeat) was found in the left temporal convexity (164-215 ms).
  • A significant effect of experimental section (exposure history) was observed in the right temporo-parietal junction (166-213 ms).
  • Hemispheric analysis confirmed left hemisphere specificity for recent sound exposure and right hemisphere involvement in broader exposure history.

Conclusions:

  • Neural activity dynamics encode the temporal history of sound object exposure.
  • The left auditory cortex rapidly updates semantic representations for recently heard sounds.
  • Right hemispheric networks support longer-term tracking of multiple sound exposures, including perceptual and spatial aspects.