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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

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Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

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Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique
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Pattern of chronic suppurative otitis media.

M S Kabir1, A H Joarder, F M Ekramuddaula

  • 1Upazila Health Complex, Dhamrai, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|May 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study identified common bacteria in chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) cases. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent pathogen, with amikacin showing the highest effectiveness against these CSOM bacteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common ear infection with diverse bacteriological profiles.
  • Understanding the prevalent pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivities is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Previous studies highlight the need for localized data on CSOM bacteriology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the bacteriological patterns of chronic suppurative otitis media.
  • To identify the most common bacterial isolates in CSOM patients.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various antibiotics against these isolates.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study involving 110 patients with CSOM.
  • Data collected from outpatient departments at BSMMU and Dhaka Medical College Hospital.
  • Bacteriological analysis of ear discharge and antibiotic sensitivity testing.

Main Results:

  • Aerobic bacteria were exclusively isolated, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (43.68%) being the most common, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (27.59%).
  • Pure bacterial growth was observed in 79.09% of cases.
  • Amikacin demonstrated the highest effectiveness, followed by Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin.

Conclusions:

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant pathogen in CSOM in this region.
  • Antibiotic therapy should be guided by bacterial culture and sensitivity testing.
  • Amikacin is a highly effective antibiotic for treating CSOM caused by the identified pathogens.