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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab (Humira),...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
07:34

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice

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Colitis associated with biological agents.

Hugh James Freeman1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. hugfree@shaw.ca

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|May 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New biological monoclonal antibody therapies can cause severe immune-mediated colitis and other gastrointestinal issues. These adverse effects, including new inflammatory bowel disease, require careful monitoring in patients undergoing treatment for chronic inflammatory or malignant disorders.

Keywords:
Biological agentsColitisCrohn’s diseaseInflammatory bowel diseaseInfliximabIpilimumabRituximabUlcerative colitis

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Published on: February 27, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used to treat chronic inflammatory and malignant conditions.
  • These therapies can lead to significant gastrointestinal adverse effects, including immune-mediated colitis.
  • Previous research focused on drug-induced colonic toxicity, but new biological agents present novel challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging adverse effects of biological monoclonal antibody agents on the gastrointestinal tract.
  • To highlight the spectrum of colonic toxicity associated with these novel therapies.
  • To discuss the mechanisms and clinical implications of these side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of adverse effects associated with monoclonal antibody therapies.
  • Analysis of documented cases of gastrointestinal toxicity, including colitis, enterocolitis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
  • Categorization of side effects based on potential mechanisms (immune-mediated, vascular, infectious).

Main Results:

  • Monoclonal antibodies, such as ipilimumab, rituximab, bevacizumab, and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents, are associated with gastrointestinal adverse events.
  • These events can range from mild symptoms to severe colitis, perforation, and even fatal outcomes.
  • Immune-mediated mechanisms are implicated in a significant proportion of these side effects, including new-onset or exacerbated inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusions:

  • Biological monoclonal antibody therapies introduce a new spectrum of gastrointestinal toxicity.
  • Understanding and monitoring for these immune-mediated effects is crucial for patient safety.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and develop management strategies for antibody-induced enterocolitis.