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T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model

Published on: January 12, 2022

Treg lymphocytes in autoimmune uveitis.

Simona Ruggieri¹, Maria Antonia Frassanito, Rosanna Dammacco

¹Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine and Clinical Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

|May 9, 2012

Summary

Regulatory T-cell populations (Tregs) decrease in active autoimmune uveitis but increase with treatment, correlating with clinical improvement. This suggests Tregs play a crucial role in managing autoimmune eye disease.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Autoimmune uveitis is an inflammatory eye condition.
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are crucial for immune homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate circulating CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T-cell populations in patients with autoimmune uveitis.
To assess the correlation between T-regulatory cell populations and clinical features of uveitis.

Main Methods:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 64 noninfectious uveitis patients.
Tregs were analyzed via FOXP3 expression and co-stained for CD25, CD3, CD4, and CTLA-4.

Main Results:

A decrease in CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T cells was observed in active uveitis patients compared to controls.
Treg populations increased to normal levels in patients achieving clinical remission.
Increased CTLA-4 expression was noted in patients with clinical remission.

Conclusions:

Therapy for autoimmune uveitis increases T-regulatory lymphocyte populations.
Restoration of Treg function likely contributes to clinical improvement and disease regression in uveitis.