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Arthritogenic alphaviruses--an overview.

Andreas Suhrbier1, Marie-Christine Jaffar-Bandjee, Philippe Gasque

  • 1Immunovirology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia. andreasS@qimr.edu.au

Nature Reviews. Rheumatology
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mosquito-borne alphaviruses cause widespread rheumatic diseases like chikungunya. While usually self-limiting, chronic joint inflammation and a need for better treatments persist, hindering intervention development.

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Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Rheumatology
  • * Virology

Background:

  • * Globally distributed mosquito-transmitted alphaviruses, including chikungunya virus, cause endemic rheumatic diseases and epidemics.
  • * Alphaviral rheumatic disease presents as acute (fever, myalgia, rash) and chronic polyarthralgia-polyarthritis, which can be debilitating.
  • * Severe manifestations and mortality occur, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the global distribution and impact of mosquito-borne alphaviruses on rheumatic diseases.
  • * To discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment challenges.
  • * To highlight the hurdles in developing and deploying new alphavirus-specific interventions.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of existing literature on alphaviruses and associated rheumatic diseases.
  • * Analysis of epidemiological data from major outbreaks, such as the chikungunya epidemic.
  • * Discussion of diagnostic standards (ELISA) and current treatment limitations.

Main Results:

  • * Alphaviruses cause significant global rheumatic disease burden with potential for large epidemics.
  • * Chronic disease may result from persistent viral inflammatory responses in joint tissues.
  • * Current treatments (analgesics, NSAIDs) offer limited relief, and international diagnostic standardization is lacking.

Conclusions:

  • * Alphaviral rheumatic diseases require attention due to their debilitating nature and potential severity.
  • * Development of novel, specific treatments is crucial but hampered by market size and epidemic unpredictability.
  • * Further research and standardization are needed for effective alphavirus intervention strategies.