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Related Concept Videos

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Additional evidence against shared environmental contributions to attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems.

S Alexandra Burt1, Henrik Larsson, Paul Lichtenstein

  • 1Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 107D Psychology Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, burts@msu.edu

Behavior Genetics
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Shared environmental influences do not significantly impact Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This study confirms that dominant genetic factors do not mask environmental contributions to ADHD etiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Psychiatric Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Previous meta-analyses suggest shared environmental influences (C) do not contribute to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • Classical twin studies, often used in prior research, have assumptions that may artifactually reduce estimates of C.
  • The potential for dominant genetic influences to suppress C estimates in ADHD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether dominant genetic influences suppress estimates of shared environmental influences (C) on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
  • To re-evaluate the contribution of C to ADHD using a nuclear twin family model capable of simultaneously estimating genetic and environmental influences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a nuclear twin family model to simultaneously estimate dominant genetic and shared environmental influences.
  • Analyzed two independent samples of child twins: 312 pairs from the Michigan State University Twin Registry and 854 pairs from the PrE School Twin Study in Sweden.

Main Results:

  • Shared environmental influences on ADHD were found to be statistically indistinguishable from zero.
  • Shared environmental factors accounted for less than 5% of the variance in ADHD.
  • The study confirmed that dominant genetic influences do not account for the absence of C on ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • The findings reinforce the minimal role of shared environmental influences in the etiology of ADHD.
  • The absence of significant shared environmental contributions to ADHD is not an artifact of dominant genetic influences.
  • Future research should continue to explore the complex interplay of genetic and non-shared environmental factors in ADHD.