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Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Published on: October 12, 2012

Heparin mimetics.

Deirdre R Coombe¹, Warren C Kett

¹Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia. d.coombe@curtin.edu.au

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology

|May 9, 2012

Summary

Heparin mimetics, designed to mimic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), show therapeutic promise. Research highlights their diverse structures, applications, and clinical development challenges, with several already approved or in trials.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry and Pharmacology
Drug Discovery and Development

Background:

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play crucial roles in biological processes.
Heparin mimetics are anionic compounds designed as GAG analogues.
Understanding GAGs has driven the development of heparin mimetics.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of heparin mimetics.
To discuss structural determinants and activities of heparin mimetics.
To highlight challenges and development paths of heparin mimetics.

Main Methods:

Review of diverse heparin mimetic structures, from chemically sulfated polysaccharides to well-defined conjugates.
Examination of applications and biological activities.
Analysis of clinical development pathways for specific mimetics.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Published on: October 12, 2012

Using a GFP-tagged TMEM184A Construct for Confirmation of Heparin Receptor Identity

Using a GFP-tagged TMEM184A Construct for Confirmation of Heparin Receptor Identity

Published on: February 17, 2017

Polyelectrolyte Complex for Heparin Binding Domain Osteogenic Growth Factor Delivery

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Main Results:

A wide array of heparin mimetics have been synthesized and evaluated.
Seven heparin mimetics have received marketing approval, with more in late-stage development.
Three distinct heparin mimetics (PI-88®, GMI-1070, RGTAs) are currently in clinical trials.

Conclusions:

Heparin mimetics represent a mature field with significant therapeutic potential.
Challenges in specificity and toxicity must be addressed for successful drug development.
Ongoing clinical trials demonstrate the continued progress and promise of these compounds.