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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
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DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

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Surgical Closure of Equine Abdomen, Prevention, and Management of Incisional Complications
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Hepatic abscesses in three horses.

D C Sellon1, K Spaulding, B A Breuhaus

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|May 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three adult horses with hepatic abscesses presented with concurrent immune-mediated diseases. Key findings included hyperproteinemia and hyperglobulinemia, with poor prognoses despite treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Equine Health
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hepatic abscesses are uncommon in adult horses.
  • Concurrent immune-mediated conditions can complicate diagnosis and treatment.

Observation:

  • Three adult horses diagnosed with hepatic abscesses were studied.
  • Two horses under 4 years old had concurrent aseptic arthritis, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, and immune-mediated anemia.
  • Predisposing factors included abdominal surgery, gastrointestinal disease, and foreign bodies.

Findings:

  • Serum hepatic enzyme activities were often within normal limits.
  • Consistent abnormalities included hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, and a low albumin-to-globulin ratio.
  • Bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Bacteroides fragilis were isolated from abscesses.
  • One horse developed secondary septic arthritis.
  • All horses had a poor prognosis and were euthanatized.

Implications:

  • Highlights the association between hepatic abscesses and immune-mediated diseases in horses.
  • Suggests specific hematological and biochemical markers for diagnosis.
  • Underscores the challenges in treating equine hepatic abscesses, often leading to euthanasia.