Differential assessment of trunk wounds: pressure ulceration versus incontinence associated dermatitis versus...

Differential assessment of trunk wounds is a critical element of their effective management. In reviewing the pathology and typical presentation for pressure necrosis, IAD, and ITD, four factors provide guidance in differential assessment: location, depth, characteristics, and exposure. Pressure ulcers are full-thickness lesions located over bony prominences or under medical devices. IAD and ITD are superficial lesions that occur in areas exposed to urine and/or stool (IAD) or trapped perspiration (ITD). Undermining and tunneling are common features of pressure ulcers, but never occur with IAD or ITD. Similarly, pressure ulcers frequently present with tissue necrosis, whereas ITD and IAD are commonly associated with maceration of the surrounding skin.