Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 22, 2026
06:40
The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management
Published on: June 29, 2019
Clinical teaching and learning: from theory and research to application
Jennifer J Conn1, Fiona R Lake, Geoffrey J McColl
1Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. jjconn@unimelb.edu.au
The Medical Journal of Australia
|May 11, 2012
Summary
Medical students can improve clinical expertise through deliberate practice, focusing on diagnostic reasoning, communication, and physical examination skills. Technology and instructional design enhance this learning process in clinical settings.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Clinical Skills Development
- Healthcare Professional Training
Background:
- Clinical learning is essential for medical students.
- Optimizing clinical expertise acquisition is a key educational imperative.
- Deliberate practice enhances professional expertise through focused effort and repetition.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore methods for optimizing clinical expertise acquisition in medical education.
- To understand the development of core clinical skills among medical students.
- To investigate the role of technology in bridging formal education and clinical learning.
Main Methods:
- Review of research on medical student clinical skill development.
- Analysis of deliberate practice principles in professional expertise.
- Examination of advances in information technology and instructional design.
Main Results:
- Deliberate practice is crucial for developing and maintaining expertise.
- Key clinical skills include diagnostic reasoning, communication, and physical examination.
- Information technology and instructional design can improve clinical learning.
Conclusions:
- Optimizing clinical learning requires structured approaches like deliberate practice.
- Medical students' core clinical skills benefit from targeted educational strategies.
- Integrating technology enhances the connection between theoretical knowledge and practical application in clinical settings.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching I: Assessment and Diagnosis
The nursing process provides a clinical decision-making framework for patients and families to establish and implement a personalized care plan. Since part of the nurse's duties is to teach patients, the steps of the nursing process are the most effective way to approach instruction. The nursing process and the teaching-learning process are inextricably linked.
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data from the...
It is critical to determine the patient's learning needs during the assessment. Determination of learning needs compounds data from the...
01:24Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching II: Planning and Implementation
Planning for learning involves the development of a teaching plan. Teaching plans are similar to nursing care plans—both follow the steps of the nursing process. Planning in the teaching process involves setting goals and outcomes. Here, goals identify what a patient needs to achieve to understand a healthcare topic better, whereas the outcomes are the action to be performed by the patient to achieve the goal within a timeframe. For example, if the goal is to educate the patient about insulin...
01:20Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching III: Evaluation and Documentation
Evaluation of the teaching process enables the nurse to determine if the patient's learning needs were met and if training was effective. If the expected outcomes are not met, the care plan is revised, and additional education or reinforcement is provided. Nurses can ask questions after the session or obtain feedback to assess the patient's understanding of the topic.
Nurses can use several methods to evaluate patient outcomes. For example, oral questions can assess cognitive learning, patient...
Nurses can use several methods to evaluate patient outcomes. For example, oral questions can assess cognitive learning, patient...
01:30Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice
Theories play an essential role in organizing patient care. Theories refer to a proposed or followed belief, policy, or procedure that is the basis for action. Nursing theories are knowledge-based concepts that guide nurses' actions, influence nursing education and practice, and allow nurses to care for their patients.
Theories provide a perspective to assess patients' conditions and organize data and methods. They also assist in analyzing and interpreting information. They represent a...
Theories provide a perspective to assess patients' conditions and organize data and methods. They also assist in analyzing and interpreting information. They represent a...
01:18Introduction to Learning
Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
01:21Cognitive Learning
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...